LCA is the standard methodology for measuring embodied carbon, tracking GHG emissions across all stages of a product or building's life cycle. These stages include raw material extraction, transportation, manufacturing, construction, maintenance, renovation, and end-of-life. 

Embodied carbon refers to emissions from materials and construction, while operational carbon refers to emissions from a building's energy consumption (heating, cooling, lighting) during its use. 

Embodied carbon emissions from building materials and construction processes are a significant portion of the overall carbon footprint of the built environment. Construction accounts for 40% of carbon emissions worldwide and 11% of that is from building materials.

Strategies to reduce embodied carbon include using low-carbon materials, optimizing construction processes, and promoting reuse and recycling. By using energy-efficient materials, technologies, and building designs, buildings reduce their energy consumption, leading to lower carbon emissions and energy costs.